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| 1501 |
| | | Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci sets sail from Lisbon to explore to the south of the New World | |
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| 1507 |
| | | The editor of a pamphlet proposes that the recently found continent should be named America after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci | |
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| 1513 |
| | | Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain | |
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| 1519 |
| | | Ferdinand Magellan and a small fleet depart from Seville, attempting to sail round the world | |
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| 1521 |
| | | Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan crosses the Pacific in ninety-nine days and reaches Guam | |
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| 1521 |
| | | Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines, in a skirmish with natives | |
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| 1522 |
| | | One surviving ship of Magellan's fleet, the Victoria, returns to Sanlucar, in Spain, with Sebastian Cano in command | |
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| 1534 |
| | | French explorer Jacques Cartier charts the Gulf of St Lawrence and, in 1525, explores up the river as far as Montreal | |
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| 1535 |
| | | Cartier, welcomed by the Huron Indians, gives their island in the St Lawrence river the name of Montreal | |
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| 1540 |
| | | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado penetrates far north and west of Texas in an expedition searching for gold | |
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